Longevity supplement
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A new report issued by the National Center for Health Statistics indicates improved longevity in the US. American adults are living longer, fewer babies are dying in infancy, and the gap between white and black life expectancy has narrowed during the past decade. In 2000, average life expectancy at birth hit record highs, with men at 74.1 years and women at 79.5 years. A century earlier, life expectancy was 48 years for men and 51 years for women. Those who reach age 65 now live to an average age of 81 for men and 84 for women. It is unclear whether this trend in longevity will continue.

2001--For men, life expectancy rose from 74.3 in 2000 to 74.4 years in 2001. Women's life expectancy rose from 79.7 to 79.8 years. White women have the highest life expectancy, 80.2 years, followed by black women (75.5 years), white men (75 years) and black men (68.6 years).

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Longevity supplements
The field of longevity and anti-aging is full of promises and unsubstantiated claims. As of now, there is no definitive research in humans of any substances or techniques that have been proven to extend longevity. However, there are a number of steps we can take to potentially live longer. These include:

Longevity enhancers
1. Have a positive attitude and improve your coping skills to daily stresses. Embrace the philosophy that "It's not what happens to me, it's what I make of it."
In a sample of people aged 50 and older who were followed for an average of 23 years, respondents who reported having a positive attitude toward aging lived an average of more than 7 years longer than those who had a more dismal view of getting older. Do you want to be happier? Take a look at my book on Happiness.

2. Keep a healthy weight and reduce the number of calories consumed. Caloric restriction prolongs life in animals.
Cutting calories may do more than help people shed excess weight, research suggests. According to a new report, a low-calorie diet may also slow age-related changes in the heart's genes that can lead to chronic disease. In the study, "middle-aged" 14-month-old mice were fed either a normal diet or one restricted in calories. When the mice reached 30 months of age, or the equivalent of 90 years of a human life span, the researchers analyzed their heart tissue. The hearts of mice on the low-calorie diets showed nearly 20% fewer age-related genetic changes and also appeared to have less DNA damage than those of mice on regular diets. Restricting calories also inhibited potentially disease-causing changes in the immune system, and suppressed apoptosis, or programmed cell death.
     
A telephone poll conducted by ABC News found that 73% of respondents would not restrict their caloric intake in order to live longer.
     
Mouse study: eating less at any age prolongs life.

3. Reduce consumption of foods cooked at high temperature

4. Regular exercise and keep physically active.
Regular stretching or yoga is helpful in keeping joints and ligaments supple. Older adults who are able to boost their walking speed over time live longer lives. Testing older patients' walking speed could be one simple way to predict long-term health and survival. A study of 439 adults age 65 and older, found that those who improved their walking speed over one year were less likely to die over the next eight years.

5. Avoid smoking cigarettes.
Smokers die ten years younger on average than non-smokers
As if smokers need another reason to kick the habit, California scientists have discovered that nornicotine, a byproduct of nicotine, the substance that makes cigarettes so addictive, causes a type of chemical reaction in the body similar to that which occurs when sugar is scorched or food goes bad. This reaction is thought to play a role in diabetes, cancer and other diseases. The interaction between sugars and proteins can produce substances called advanced glycation endproducts, or AGEs. The accumulation of AGEs appears to contribute to the aging process and certain diseases.

6. Have strong connections to others, whether through family and relatives, marriage, children, pets, or connecting with nature, planet earth, and the universe.

7. Get a deep sleep

8. Keep your mind young and active by learning.

9. Try to surround yourself with nature. Green trees in the neighborhood, sunshine in home, are linked to longevity.

Unfortunately, one of the most important influences on longevity is genetics, something we cannot influence with our present scientific knowledge. People who have parents and grandparents who live long are more likely to also live a long life.

Additional potential longevity enhancers:
Being financially stable
Having a satisfying career
Healing old and new emotional wounds
Having a personal religious or philosophical belief system that gives meaning to this world.
Driving safely, wearing seat belts, minimizing the use of cell phones while driving.

Supplements for Longevity
There is currently no evidence that taking supplements or hormones (such as growth hormone) will make us live longer. However, it seems reasonably safe to take small amounts of certain supplements that have shown preliminary research to be helpful.

Antioxidants
Acetyl-l-carnitine and Lipoic Acid are interesting nutrients that may be beneficial, more research is needed before making recommendations.
Carnosine appears to be able to extend the lifespan of cultured cells, and rejuvenate senescent cells.

Longevity fact
Japanese girls born in 2007 can expect to live until they are 86 years old, which would make them the longest survivors in the world. Boys born in 2007 can expect to live to the age of 79, ranking third after Iceland and Hong Kong.

Longevity Research Update
Use of carnosine as a natural anti-senescence drug for human beings.

Wang AM, Ma C, Xie ZH, Shen F.Biochemistry (Mosc) 2000 Jul;65(7):869-71. Department of Biochemistry, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China.
Carnosine is an endogenous free-radical scavenger. The latest research indicates that apart from the function of protecting cells from oxidation-induced stress damage, carnosine appears to be able to extend the lifespan of cultured cells, rejuvenate senescent cells, inhibit the toxic effects of amyloid peptide (A beta), malondialdehyde, and hypochlorite to cells, inhibit glycosylation of proteins and protein-DNA and protein-protein cross-linking, and maintain cellular homeostasis. Also, carnosine seems to delay the impairment of eyesight with aging, effectively preventing and treating senile cataract and other age-related diseases. Therefore, carnosine may be applied to human being as a drug against aging.

Foods cooked at high heat linked to inflammation
People may be able to lower their risk of heart, diabetes, and possibly other diseases by consuming cool foods, or dishes cooked at relatively low temperatures, such as salads and tuna fish, preliminary research suggests.
Foods cooked at high temperatures spurred the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), compounds in the blood that stimulate cells to produce inflammation. While AGEs are normally produced in the body at a slow rate, they can be toxic and form more quickly when food is heated to high temperatures. Inflammation is associated with heart disease among all people, but people with diabetes are thought to be particularly vulnerable. People who consumed foods cooked at lower temperatures had lower levels of both AGEs and inflammatory proteins than people who consumed the same foods cooked at higher temperatures. After 6 weeks, levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and concentrations of the inflammatory protein C-reactive protein (CRP) had also risen among those consuming the diet high in AGEs and declined among those in the reduced AGE group. TNF-alpha and CRP are both markers showing increased inflammation.

Mitochondria and acetyl-l-carnitine
Mitochondrial decay has been postulated to be a significant underlying part of the aging process. Decline in mitochondrial function may lead to cellular energy deficits, especially in times of greater energy demand, and compromise vital ATP-dependent cellular operations, including detoxification, repair systems, DNA replication, and osmotic balance. Mitochondrial decay may also lead to enhanced oxidant production and thus render the cell more prone to oxidative insult. In particular, the heart may be especially susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction due to myocardial dependency on beta-oxidation of fatty acids for energy and the postmitotic nature of cardiac myocytes, which would allow for greater accumulation of mitochondrial mutations and deletions. Thus, maintenance of mitochondrial function may be important to maintain overall myocardial function. Herein, we review the major age-related changes that occur to mitochondria in the aging heart and the evidence that two such supplements, acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) and (R)-alpha-lipoic acid, may improve myocardial bioenergetics and lower the increased oxidative stress associated with aging. We and others have shown that feeding old rats ALCAR reverses the age-related decline in carnitine levels and improves mitochondrial beta-oxidation in a number of tissues studied. However, ALCAR supplementation does not appear to reverse the age-related decline in cardiac antioxidant status and thus may not substantially alter indices of oxidative stress. Lipoic acid, a potent thiol antioxidant and mitochondrial metabolite, appears to increase low molecular weight antioxidant status and thereby decreases age-associated oxidative insult. Thus, ALCAR along with lipoic acid may be effective supplemental regimens to maintain myocardial function.

Smokers: Pop a Vitamin C Pill Before You Puff
Almost everyone is aware of the harm cigarette smoke causes to lung tissue and reduce longevity, but not as many people realize that smoking causes damage to arteries, and this harm occurs relatively quickly. Short-term cigarette smoking is associated with endothelial dysfunction. The endothelium is the the layer of cells that lines the heart and blood vessels and smoking is known to cause dysfunction of this important tissue. A study conducted at the Athens University Medical School in Athens, Greece, examined the effect of orally administered ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on cigarette smoking-induced endothelial dysfunction. In this double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 19 healthy subjects were examined by high-resolution ultrasonography of the brachial artery (the artery in the arm) before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after smoking a cigarette. Measurements were performed on two different days, 2 hours after oral administration of 2 grams of ascorbic acid or placebo. After smoking, blood flow dropped to less than half of the baseline value. Thereafter in the placebo group, blood flow increased to 70% of baseline value in 90 minutes, but in the ascorbic acid group blood flow increased to 70% of baseline value in half the time. The researchers conclude, "Oral administration of ascorbic acid attenuates endothelial dysfunction after short-term cigarette smoking by shortening its duration."
   Comments: For those who are not able to stop their smoking habit, it would seem that taking vitamin C partially mitigates the harm caused to the blood vessels. A dose of 200 to 500 mg of vitamin C taken once or twice a day seems reasonable.

November 2006 Longevity Report
Americans are living longer, with life span at a record average of just short of 80 years, according to the annual report on the nation's health from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. At birth, life expectancy for females is just over 80 years and nearly 75 for males. The gap in life expectancy between white and black Americans also has narrowed from seven years in 1990 to five years in 2004. Life expectancy at birth reached a record 77.9 years in 2004, up from 77.5 in 2003 and from 75.4 in 1990.

2004 - A report issued by the National Center for Health Statistics indicates improved longevity in the US. American adults are living longer, fewer babies are dying in infancy, and the gap between white and black life expectancy has narrowed during the past decade. In 2000, average life expectancy at birth hit record highs, with men at 74.1 years and women at 79.5 years. A century earlier, life expectancy was 48 years for men and 51 years for women. Those who reach age 65 now live to an average age of 81 for men and 84 for women. It is unclear whether this trend in longevity will continue.

2001--For men, life expectancy rose from 74.3 in 2000 to 74.4 years in 2001. Women's life expectancy rose from 79.7 to 79.8 years. White women have the highest life expectancy, 80.2 years, followed by black women (75.5 years), white men (75 years) and black men (68.6 years).

The field of longevity and anti-aging is full of promises and unsubstantiated claims. As of now, there is no definitive research in humans of any substances or techniques that have been proven to extend longevity. However, there are a number of steps we can take to potentially live longer. These include:

Additional potential longevity enhancers:
Being financially stable
Having a satisfying career
Healing old and new emotional wounds
Having a personal religious or philosophical belief system that gives meaning to this world.
Driving safely, wearing seat belts, minimizing the use of cell phones while driving.

Supplements for Longevity
There is currently no evidence that taking supplements or hormones (such as growth hormone) will make us live longer. However, it seems reasonably safe to take small amounts of certain supplements that have shown preliminary research to be helpful.

Longevity Gene
A variation in a particular gene involved in regulating cholesterol is known to be associated with longevity, and now it seems it also confers mental sharpness in old age. Researchers examined whether a variant of the CETP gene, called the V type, played a role in preserving cognitive function in 158 Ashkenazi Jews with exceptional longevity. Their average age was 99.2 years. Overall, 29 percent of the subjects with good cognitive function had the V type CETP gene, compared to 14 percent with poor cognitive function. Looked at the other way, 61 percent of those with the V type had good cognitive function versus 30 percent of those with another type. The team then studied 173 subjects from the Einstein Aging Study to confirm the role of CETP in a younger cohort. The CETP V type was approximately five times more common in subjects without dementia than in those with dementia. Neurology, December 2006.

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