Curcumin and Turmeric 500 mg, developed by Ray Sahelian, M.D.

Curcumin is one of the major antioxidants found in the spice turmeric. The roots of the turmeric plant are used as an herb in Asian cooking such as curries. Curcumin is a major component of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and extensive scientific research on curcumin and turmeric has demonstrated their potent antioxidant properties. Through their antioxidant mechanisms, curcumin and turmeric support colon health, exert neuroprotective activity and help maintain a healthy cardiovascular system.

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Potential Benefits of Curcumin
Curcumin is the major component of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and extensive scientific research on curcumin has demonstrated its potent antioxidant properties. Through its antioxidant mechanisms, curcumin supports colon health, exerts neuroprotective activity and helps maintain a healthy cardiovascular system.
   In vitro and animal studies indicate that curcumin has potential as an antitumor, anti-invasive, and antiangiogenic agent; as a chemopreventive agent; and as a therapeutic agent in diabetes, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and arthritis. Curcumin may play a role in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, chronic anterior uveitis and arthritis.

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Alzheimer's Disease
Curcumin has compounds that may be helpful in Alzheimer's disease. Curcumin helps prevent the formation of beta-amyloids which are neural fibrils in the brain that cause Alzheimer's.

Cancer
Curcumin may help fight cancer, including prostate cancer. Researchers have found in the lab that curcumin can enhance the cancer-fighting power of treatment with TRAIL, a naturally occurring molecule that helps kill cancer cells. TRAIL stands for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. In an experiment with human prostate cancer cells in a laboratory dish, the combination treatment killed off two to three times more cells than either treatment alone. Curcumin exerts multiple different suppressive effects on human breast carcinoma cells in vitro.
   In a test tube study, curcumin was found to have anticancer effects on human Burkitt's lymphoma.

Heart
In a rodent study, curcumin was found to protect rat myocardium against ischemic insult and the protective effect could be attributed to its antioxidant properties.

Multiple Sclerosis
Curcumin may block the progression of multiple sclerosis.

Curcumin safety
Pilot phase I clinical trials show curcumin to be safe even when consumed at a daily dose of 10 grams a day for 3 months. For more curcumin turmeric information.

Curcumin for renal transplant
Beneficial effects of the bioflavonoids curcumin and quercetin on early function in cadaveric renal transplantation: a randomized placebo controlled trial.
Transplantation. 2005 Dec 15;80(11):1556-9. Shoskes D, Lapierre C, et al. Department of Kidney Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.
The bioflavonoids quercetin and curcumin are renoprotective natural antioxidants. We wished to examine their effects on early graft function (EF). 43 dialysis dependent cadaveric kidney recipients were enrolled into a study using Oxy-Q which contains 480 mg of curcumin and 20 mg of quercetin, started after surgery and taken for 1 month. They were randomized into three groups: control (placebo), low dose (one capsule, one placebo) and high dose (two capsules). Bioflavonoid therapy improved early graft function. Acute rejection and neurotoxicity were lowest in the high dose group. These bioflavonoids improve early outcomes in cadaveric renal transplantation, possibly through HO-1 induction.

Curcumin study
Curcumin modulates free radical quenching in myocardial ischaemia in rats.
Manikandan P. Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India.
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;36(10):1977-90.
This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin against isoprenaline induced myocardial ischaemia in rat myocardium. The effect of single oral dose of curcumin (15mgkg(-1)), administered 30min before and/or after the onset of ischaemia, was investigated by assessing oxidative stress related biochemical parameters in rat myocardium. Curcumin pre and post-treatment (PPT) was shown to decrease the levels of xanthine oxidase, superoxide anion, lipid peroxides and myeloperoxidase while the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase activities were significantly increased after curcumin PPT. Histopathological and transmission electron microscopical studies also confirmed the severe myocardial damage occurring as a consequence of isoprenaline induced ischaemia and they also showed the significant improvement effected by curcumin PPT. These findings provided evidence that curcumin was found to protect rat myocardium against ischaemic insult and the protective effect could be attributed to its antioxidant properties as well as its inhibitory effects on xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase conversion and resultant superoxide anion production.

Inhibition of colonic aberrant crypt foci by curcumin in rats is affected by age.
Kwon Y, Malik M, Magnuson BA.
Nutr Cancer. 2004;48(1):37-43.
Curcumin has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive activities. To determine whether aging affects the inhibition of colon carcinogenesis by curcumin, young (6 wk), mature (12 mo), and old (22 mo) F344 male rats were fed either AIN-93 containing 0.6% curcumin or AIN-93 control diet. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were induced with two weekly s.c. injections of azoxymethane. After an additional 3 mo on the diets, the number, multiplicity, and distribution of ACF were evaluated. Addition of curcumin to the diet reduced the number of ACF by 49% in young rats and by 55% in old rats. However, interestingly, no reduction of ACF was found in mature rats fed curcumin. Inhibition of large ACF was also affected by age, with the greatest reduction of large ACF occurring in old rats. However, animal age did not significantly alter the effect of dietary curcumin on reduction of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in the liver or reduction of serum total cholesterol levels. These results indicate that age may play a significant role in the efficacy of chemoprevention of colon cancer by curcumin.

Curcumin has potent anti-amyloidogenic effects for Alzheimer's beta-amyloid fibrils in vitro.
Ono K.  J Neurosci Res. 2004 Mar 15;75(6):742-50.
Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.
Inhibition of the accumulation of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) and the formation of beta-amyloid fibrils (fAbeta) from Abeta, as well as the destabilization of preformed fAbeta in the central nervous system, would be attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We reported previously that nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and wine-related polyphenols inhibit fAbeta formation from Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) and destabilize preformed fAbeta(1-40) and fAbeta(1-42) dose-dependently in vitro. Using fluorescence spectroscopic analysis with thioflavin T and electron microscopic studies, we examined the effects of curcumin and rosmarinic acid (RA) on the formation, extension, and destabilization of fAbeta(1-40) and fAbeta(1-42) at pH 7.5 at 37 degrees C in vitro. We next compared the anti-amyloidogenic activities of Curcumin and RA with NDGA. Curcumin and RA dose-dependently inhibited fAbeta formation from Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42), as well as their extension. In addition, they dose-dependently destabilized preformed fAbetas. The overall activities of Curcumin, RA, and NDGA were similar. The effective concentrations (EC(50)) of Curcumin, RA, and NDGA for the formation, extension, and destabilization of fAbetas were in the order of 0.1-1 microM. Although the mechanism by which Curcumin and RA inhibit fAbeta formation from Abeta and destabilize preformed fAbeta in vitro remains unclear, they could be a key molecule for the development of therapeutics for AD.

Curcumin questions
Q. I just purchased several bottles of Curcumin and found a discrepancy that I would appreciate your assistance in clarifying. The bottle says to take 1 to 3 capsules daily and some sites says to take 1 to 2 a few times a week with breakfast. Which one should I follow?
   A. There is no dosage guideline that is appropriate for everyone. As a general rule, it is a good idea to start with one capsule and over time gradually increase to determine the ideal amount that works for you. It is generally preferable to take 2 or 3 different beneficial herbs in smaller amounts than to take one herb in a high amount. For more curcumin information.

Q. Can acai or Mangosteen one capsule be taken along with one capsule of curcumin?
   A. We don't foresee any problems with the combination of Acai or mangosteen and curcumin.

Q. I have read that curcumin is basically not assimilated by the body without the addition of black pepper, in itself not something desirable in a diet.
   A. We have not seen any studies that prove the claim that a curcumin supplement needs a black pepper extract to be effective.

Q. I wanted to let you know about an interesting curcumin study.
Effects of curcumin on bladder cancer cells and development of urothelial tumors in a rat bladder carcinogenesis model - Cancer Lett. 2008 Mar 12 - "Exposure of human bladder cancer cells to curcumin resulted in the induction of apoptotic cell death and caused cells to arrest in the G2/M phase. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Survivin protein was downregulated by the curcumin treatment together with enhancement of the Bax and p53 expression. The inhibitory activities of curcumin were stronger than those of cisplatin and could not be prevented by catalase pretreatment in T24 cells. Clonal assay indicated large-dose and short-term curcumin was lethal to bladder cancer cells. Moreover, the in vivo study revealed curcumin did induce apoptosis in situ, inhibit and slow the development of bladder cancer. These observations suggest that curcumin could prove an effective chemopreventive and chemotherapy agent for bladder cancer"
 

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