Chondroitin pill for osteoarthritis
chondroitin sulfate, chondroitin studies chondroitin and glucosamine chondroitin for arthritis

Chondroitin sulfate consists of repeating chains of molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Chondroitin sulfate is a major constituent of cartilage providing structure, holding water and nutrients, and allowing other molecules to move through cartilage—an important property, as there is no blood supply to cartilage. Chondroitin may work by acting as a building block for proteoglycan molecules, and may also have anti-inflammatory properties. 

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Chondroitin Sulfate is a mucopolysaccharide found in cartilage, tendons and ligaments, where it is bound to proteins such as collagen and elastin. In our joints, it contributes to strength, flexibility and shock absorption. Current research indicates that supplemental Chondroitin Sulfate may help maintain proper joint function.

 

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Chondroitin for osteoarthritis
In degenerative joint disease, such as osteoarthritis, there is a loss of chondroitin sulfate as the cartilage erodes. Animal studies indicate that chondroitin sulfate may promote healing of bone, which is consistent with the fact that the majority of glycosaminoglycans found in bone consist of chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate has been shown, in numerous trials to relieve symptoms and possibly slow the progression of, or reverse, osteoarthritis.

Commmercially available chondroitin is derived mainly from shark and cow cartilage.

Chondroitin Research
Chondroitin at 800 mg a day was given in addition to naprosyn 500 mg a day for a period of two years to a group of individuals with osteoarthritis of the hands. This group was compared to another group who only received naprosyn. Those who took chondroitin were found to have a slower rate of arthritis progression than those who only took naprosyn. See bottom of page for more studies.

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Chondroitin sulfate
Glucosamine sulfate
Lipoic acid antioxidant
MSM nutrient
Omega 3 fatty acids, DHA or fish oils
Stinging nettle herb
Turmeric root extract, curcumin is very popular

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Is chondroitin necessary if someone is already taking glucosamine?
The research with chondroitin  is not as consistent and extensive as it is with glucosamine. If you have arthritis, one option is to start with glucosamine 500 mg three times a day for a month. If, after a month, you haven't been helped, double your dose of glucosamine. If, after another month, you need additional relief, you can try chondroitin at 500 mg three times a day. Another option is to start taking both together along with a few other nutrients and herb found through research to be helpful for arthritis.

Are there recent studies saying chondroitin cannot be absorbed into our bodies through oral consumption?
The studies I have come across show that chondroitin does get absorbed.

Can a diabetic take chondroitin?
Yes. One study providing a combination of glucosamine and chondroitin for a period of 90 days did not find any change in blood sugar levels.

Chondroitin study
The pathobiology of osteoarthritis and the rationale for using the chondroitin sulfate for its treatment.

Volpi N.
Biological Chemistry Section, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord. 2004 Jun;4(2):119-27.
Structure-modifying osteoarthritis (OA) drugs are agents that reverse, retard, or stabilize the pathology of OA, thereby providing symptomatic relief in the long-term treatment. The objective of this review is to evaluate the literature on chondroitin sulfate with respect to the pathobiology of OA to ascertain whether this agent should be classified as a symptomatic slow-acting drug (SYSADOA), a compound that has a slow onset of action and improve OA symptoms after a couple of weeks. Chondroitin sulfate exhibits a wide range of biological activities and from a pharmacological point of view it produces a slow but gradual decrease of the clinical symptoms of OA and these benefits last for a long period after the end of treatment. Many literature data show that chondroitin sulfate could have an anti-inflammatory activity and a chondroprotective action by modifying the structure of cartilage. These properties are also related to the oral adsorption of chondroitin sulfate as high-molecular mass compounds having clusters of sulfate groups and high charge density capable of exert their chondroprotective activity in vivo.

Chondroitin Useful in Osteoarthritis
Back in the mid 1990s the America public became aware of effective nutritional alternatives to standard medical drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Glucosamine was the first nutrient that became popular. Since then, many other nutrients and herbs have been promoted, including chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate is a major constituent of cartilage providing structure, holding water, and allowing other molecules to move through cartilage—an important property, as there is no blood supply to cartilage. In degenerative joint disease, such as osteoarthritis, there is a loss of chondroitin sulfate as the cartilage erodes. But, few studies have looked at the long-term benefit of oral chondroitin supplements. In a study performed at University of Genova Medical School, in Italy, 12 individuals with arthritis of the hands were treated with 800 mg/day of chondroitin sulfate plus naproxen, and compared to 12 others who were given naproxen only. Naproxen is an anti-inflammatory medicine similar to Motrin and sold over the counter as Aleve. X-rays of the hands were done at the start of the study and again after 24 months. In both groups, degeneration of joints showed a general tendency to increase over time, however, the damage was much lower in those treated with chondroitin sulfate plus naproxen than in patients taking naproxen alone.
     Comments: Although chondroitin by itself did not stop the continuing damage to joints, it did slow the progression of the arthritis. Glucsosamine supplements are known to enhance joint health in those with arthritis, and it seems reasonable to take both supplements for the treatment of arthritis. The most common dose of glucosamine is 1500 mg a day while that of chondroitin is 500 to 1000 mg per day.

Chondroitin sulfate in erosive osteoarthritis of the hands.
Rovetta G, Monteforte P, Molfetta G, Balestra V.
Department of Rheumatology, DISEM, University of Genova Medical School, Italy.
Int J Tissue React. 2002;24(1):29-32.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the joint count for erosions in patients with erosive osteoarthritis (EOA) of the hands treated with 800 mg/day of orally administered chondroitin sulfate plus naproxen, compared with that of patients administered naproxen only. Twenty-four consecutive patients (22 women and two men, mean age 53.0 +/- 6) suffering from symptomatic OA and with radiographic characteristics of EOA were studied. The patients were divided into two groups of 12 patients each. The first group took naproxen 500 mg/day only. The second group was treated with chondroitin sulfate 800 mg/day orally plus naproxen 500 mg/day. Radiological hand examinations were performed at baseline and again after 12 and 24 months. In both groups, the joint count for erosions showed a general tendency to increase over time. Progression of erosions at 24 months was lower in patients treated with 800 mg/day chondroitin sulfate plus naproxen than in patients taking naproxen only (p <0.05). Chondroitin sulfate failed to stop the usual time-associated progression in the number of finger joints presenting erosions in EOA of the hands. It was, however, associated with a lower increase in the number of finger joints with erosions detected after 2 years of radiological observation.

A randomized double-blind clinical trial of the effect of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride on temporomandibular joint disorders: a pilot study.
Nguyen P, Mohamed SE, Gardiner D, Salinas T.
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.
Cranio. 2001 Apr;19(2):130-9.
Previous studies have shown chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride have beneficial effects on symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee. Our aim was to study the effect of a daily dose of 1500 mg of glucosamine hydrochloride (GH) and 1200 mg of chondroitin sulfate taken for twelve weeks on subjects diagnosed with capsulitis, disk displacement, disk dislocation, or painful osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Forty-five subjects were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to either an active medication group or a placebo group. Eleven subjects were lost from the study for various reasons, resulting in fourteen subjects remaining in the active medication group and twenty subjects remaining in the placebo group. Subjects taking chondroitin sulfate-GH had improvements in their pain as measured by one index of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, in TMJ tenderness, in TMJ sounds, and in the number of daily over-the-counter medications needed. Subjects taking the placebo medication had improvements in their pains as measured by the visual analog scale and by four indices of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Additional studies are required to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of chondroitin sulfate-GH and to determine the exact mechanism by which chondroitin sulfate-GH affects the articular cartilage of synovial joints.

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