CDP-Choline
capsules
citicoline, cdp-choline side effects
CDP-choline stands for cytidine 5-diphosphocholine, an intermediate in the
biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids and brain acetylcholine. CDP-choline is approved in
Europe and Japan for use in stroke, Parkinson’s disease and other neurological
disorders and is sold with the brand name Citicoline. In a way, you could consider
CDP-choline as more potent form of
Choline. Studies show that CDP-choline helps make
phosphatidylcholine in human brain cell membranes in older individuals; may increase
acetylcholine synthesis; improves mental performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease;
and even improves memory in elderly patients with memory deficits. A Belgian study has
shown that CDP-choline administration to dogs improves their ability to learn
and remember.
CDP-Choline, 250 mg, 60 Capsules
Stabilized CDP-Choline (cytidine 5'diphosphocholine) is a
naturally occurring, water soluble biological compound that is an essential
intermediate for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major constituent of
the grey matter of brain tissue (30%). CDP choline is metabolized to yield the
free nucleotide cytidine and choline. Scientific research demonstrates that CDP
Choline consumption promotes brain metabolism by enhancing the synthesis of
acetylcholine, restoring phospholipid content in the brain and regulation of
neuronal membrane excitability and osmolarity (by its effect on the
ATP-dependent sodium and potassium pumps).
If you wish to buy
CDP-Choline supplement on sale or Mind Power Rx.
Dr. Vittorio Porciatti at the Institute of Neurophysiology in Pisa, Italy,
tells me, "CDP-choline is commercially produced in Europe under several product
names. Neurologists have found this nutrient useful in Parkinson’s disease, brain
trauma, and aging in general. It may surprise you that I mention Parkinson’s disease.
In addition to the understandable action on cell membranes, we have been somehow surprised
that CDP-choline has
dopamine-like effects. Interestingly, dopaminergic-like
activity seems to be long lasting, possibly due to stabilization of the effects
at membrane level."
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CDP-choline study
The administration of oral CDP-choline may be of use in reversing age-related
changes in the brain. CDP-choline helps to increase levels of
phosphodiesters such
as phosphatidylcholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine in the brain. These phosphodiesters
form part of the cell membrane of brain cells and their levels are known to decline with
age. Hence, CDP-choline supplements may help replace the declining levels of these
important phosphodiesters.
CDP-choline may be helpful in
reducing damage after a stroke.
CDP-choline may be helpful in
Alzheimer's disease.
CDP-Choline Availability
CDP-choline became available over the counter in the US in 1998. Most pills come in a 250 mg dose.
Another mind booster is
Bacopa Monniera. An additional brain boosting herb to consider is
Ginkgo-Biloba.
CDP-Choline, 250 mg, 60 Capsules
Stabilized CDP-Choline (cytidine 5'diphosphocholine) is a
naturally occurring, water soluble biological compound that is an essential
intermediate for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major constituent of
the grey matter of brain tissue (30%). CDP choline is metabolized to yield the
free nucleotide cytidine and choline. Scientific research demonstrates that CDP
Choline consumption promotes brain metabolism by enhancing the synthesis of
acetylcholine, restoring phospholipid content in the brain and regulation of
neuronal membrane excitability and osmolarity (by its effect on the
ATP-dependent sodium and potassium pumps).
CDP Choline 250 mg (from stabilized cytidine 5'diphosphocholine)
Safety of CDP-Choline
Toxicology studies show that CDP-choline is safe and produces no serious side
effects in doses ranging from 500 mg to 1,000 mg a day (Secades 1995). However,
most of the studies lasted less than a few weeks. Long-term safety is not known.
Dr. Sahelian's CDP-Choline Experience
Within an hour of taking a 250 pill CDP-choline pill on an empty stomach, I
notice being more alert and motivated. The effects last a few hours. In
addition, colors seem brighter and sharper and occasionally I have noticed a
libido enhancement. Because of the alertness it produces, I have
difficulty sleeping if I take this nutrient in late afternoon or early evening.
CDP-Choline Recommendations
CDP-choline has been used successfully in Europe for many years but
clinical experience in the US is limited. This nutrient appears to have a more
direct and immediate effect on the brain than its cousin choline. However, it is
difficult to predict at this time the long-term benefits or risks of regular
use. CDP-choline is a promising nutrient and I suspect that with time it will
become more popular.
CDP-choline study
A Mind Booster Helpful After Strokes
Findings recently presented at the American Stroke Association's 27th
International Stroke Conference indicate that CDP-choline may be
helpful in reducing damage after a stroke.
The most common cause of a stroke is blockage of a blood vessel within the
brain, which leaves a portion of the organ starved for blood and oxygen.
Bleeding within the brain can also lead to stroke. Much of the brain damage is
caused by a cascade of harmful chemicals released by dying cells.
Researchers at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders in Bethesda,
Maryland, reported data on two trials of the supplement citicoline, sold in some
health food stores or on the internet as CDP-choline. This nutrient is related
to choline.
One of the studies involved 41 patients who received 500 milligrams of
cdp-choline daily for 6 weeks after having a stroke. In the other, 62 stroke
patients took 2,000 mg of the drug every day for 6 weeks. The trials also
included 111 patients who received an inactive placebo. The researchers gauged
the supplement’s effectiveness by measuring the size of the infarct, or area of
dead tissue. They scanned patients' brains within 24 hours of the stroke and
again 12 weeks later. At the end of the study period, the investigators found
that infarct size measured by MRI scans had increased by 85% in patients on
placebo, by 34% in patients receiving the 500 mg dose of cdp-choline and by only
2% in patients receiving 2,000 mg cdp-choline.
Comments: CDP-choline is a more powerful form of choline, and most
users without a stroke notice an enhancement of mental focus, along with clarity
of vision and thinking with as little as 200 mg.
Double-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline (cdp-choline) in APOE genotyped
Alzheimer's disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain
bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion.
Alvarez XA.
EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, A Coruna, Barcelona, Spain.
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Nov;21(9):633-44.
Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (cdp-choline) is a an endogenous intermediate in the
biosynthesis of structural membrane phospholipids and brain acetylcholine.
CDP-cholinehas been extensively used for the treatment of neurodegenerative
disorders associated with head trauma, stroke, brain aging, cerebrovascular
pathology and Alzheimer's disease. In this study we have investigated the
efficacy and safety of the treatment with cdp-choline versus placebo in patients
with Alzheimer disease. Thirty patients (age = 73.0 +/- 8.5 years; range = 57-87
years) with mild to moderate senile dementia (GDS: stages 3-6) of the Alzheimer
type were included in a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical
trial. After a 2-week period of drug washout, patients were treated with i)
placebo (n = 17; age = 73 +/- 5 years) or ii) 1,000 mg/day of citicoline (n =
13; age = 76 +/- 9 years) for 12 weeks (84 days). Examinations were done at
baseline (T0) and after the 12 weeks of treatment (T12). As compared to placebo,
cdp-choline improved cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease patients with
APOE E4; and this improvement on cognition was more pronounced. CDP-choline also
increased cerebral blood flow velocities in comparison with placebo (p < 0.05)
when transcranial Doppler recordings from both hemispheres were considered
together, as well as diastolic velocity in the left middle cerebral artery. Patients treated with cdp-choline showed an increase in the percentage of
brain bioelectrical activity of alpha (occipital electrodes) and theta type
(left side electrodes), accompanied by a decrease in relative delta activity
particularly marked in the left temporal lobe. Significant differences with
respect to placebo (p < 0.05) were observed for theta activity in several fronto-parieto-temporal electrodes of the left hemisphere. Treatment with
cdp-choline tended to reduce serum IL-1 beta levels, mainly after 4 weeks of
administration, with no modified blood histamine content. In addition, neither
adverse side effects nor alterations in biological and hematological parameters
were induced by cdp-choline. The present data indicate that cdp-choline (1,000
mg/day) is well tolerated and improves cognitive performance, cerebral blood
perfusion and the brain bioelectrical activity pattern in AD patients. According
to our results, it seems that cdp-choline might be a useful treatment in
Alzheimer's disease, and that the efficacy of this compound is greater in
patients with mild mental deterioration and/or bearing the epsilon 4 allele of
the APOE.
CDP-choline questions
Q. I'm 72 years old, female and in excellent health. On no medications. I am
looking for something to enhance my memory and I Get Dr. Ray Sahelian's emails
and he reviews a CDP choline formula and I am wondering if I would need just the
choline or would CDP cholien formula be better? Choline is relatively cheap, CPD
Choline is much more expensive. Would appreciate any input on something to
improve my memory. I am taking Focus Complex right now and it does not seem to
be doing a lot for me. I have been taking it for over a month now...two capsules
a day. It is a Puritan's Pride product with Neuro-PS it says.
A. CDP-choline works better than choline by itself. Another good
brain formula is Mind Power Rx.
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