Tribulus Terrestris Extract review, benefit as an aphrodisiac, and side effects, saponin content and dosage for sexual enhancement
Does this supplement influence testosterone levels or athletic performance? Does it enhance libido and performance? What is the right dosage and frequency of use?


This page has information of the benefits of tribulus terrestris herb along with a discussion of its side effects. As of August 2009, we are not aware of specific human research with this herbal supplement in terms of evaluating its role as an aphrodisiac, however, many people consistently report that the use of this dietary supplement does provide sexual enhancement in terms of libido, erectile function, and performance.
   Tribulus terrestris herb, also called "puncture vine" is a plant long used around the world for the treatment of various ailments. This herb is popularly claimed to improve sexual function in humans. In Europe tribulus has been used in folk medicine throughout history, as far back as the Greeks, treating such wide-ranging conditions as headache, nervous disorders, constipation, and sexual dysfunction. In China and India, this herb has been touted for use in liver, kidney, urinary, and cardiovascular remedies.

Where is Tribulus herb found?
This plant grows naturally in many parts of the world including the Americas, Australia, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. It is considered a noxious weed found abundantly on roadsides and vacant lots whose seeds are sharp and painful to step on. The foliage is toxic to livestock, especially sheep, when consumed daily in large quantities. The fruits / berries of tribulus are the parts most often used in traditional medicine. The composition of different substances within this plant is likely to vary depending where in the world it grows.

Buy Tribulus Terrestris supplement, formulated by world renowned Dr. Ray Sahelian, M.D., author of Natural Sex Boosters
Passion Rx, one of the bestselling natural sexual products on the market, is developed by Dr. Sahelian

Tribulus terrestris plant is a tropical vine common in sandy soil throughout India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Tribulus contains furostanol saponins, the active components. This herb is popular for its potent role in supporting reproductive function. This herb can be used by both men and women.

Supplement Facts
Tribulus Terrestris extract - 400 mg
     (standardized to 40 % saponins)

 

Click here to buy Tribulus Terrestris supplement, Passion Rx, or hundreds of high quality supplements. You will find a number of effective sexual pleasure enhancing herbs
Passion Rx is a potent herbal aphrodisiac with tribulus terrestris extract in a combination with a number of additional effective aphrodisiac herbs. See the link above for full details regarding the ingredients in Passion Rx, benefits, side effects, and suggested dosage guidelines.

Lack of adequate human research
Tribulus terrestris herb has not been studied by Western scientists to any great extent and there's a lot we don't know about the benefits and side effects of this interesting plant. Although tthis herb has been used in folk medicine for many conditions, modern science has not yet adequately evaluated it in terms of its clinical use, so we don't know what medical conditions tribulus could benefit. However, there is good confidence that tribulus is useful as a sexual enhancement herb.
   This herb has been promoted and marketed for athletic performance, muscle mass enhancement, and as a testosterone booster. Does it work for this purpose? See below for research on this topic.

Benefit as sexual enhancer
Rodent studies have found tribulus to be helpful as a sex booster. Our experience and feedback from users of tribulus supplements are consistent. This supplement does enhance sexuality in the majority of those who take it. The sexual enhancement is noticed within a few days. Passion Rx is more effective is it has a number of additional herbs that provide a more comprehensive approach to sexual improvement.
  
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Additional Benefits - Much more research is needed to confirm these early findings
Tribulus has been studied in China and early reports indicate it reduces the frequency of angina pectoris. Laboratory studies have found it to have anti-microbial and anti-tumor potential. Tribulus may also lower blood levels of cholesterol; and, in addition, it has antioxidant properties. Further benefits of tribulus terrestris extract include liver protection from certain toxins and blood sugar control. These early reports have to be confirmed by larger trials before we can be certain that this herb is useful for these purposes.

Mechanism of Action
Tribulus may work by relaxing smooth muscles and increasing blood flow into the corpus cavernosa. The relaxant effect observed is probably due to the increase in the release of nitric oxide from the endothelium and nerve endings. Since tribulus relaxes smooth muscles, this may account for its benefits in abdominal colic. Tribulus extract also influences testosterone levels but long term human studies are not available to determine what influence tribulus supplements would have on testosterone and free testosterone levels in the blood when taken for several weeks or months..

Availability
Tribulus terrestris supplement is most often found in combination with other sex-enhancing herbs. This aphrodisiac herb is also sold by itself often in a dosage ranging from 250 to 750 mg. Tribulus supplement is found in a variety of extract potencies, most commonly as a 40 percent saponin extract.

Side effects
No major tribulus terrestris side effects have yet been reported in the medical literature. However, little is known about the long-term use of tribulus supplement consumption in humans. As with most herbs, it is best to take breaks from use. According to Dr. Ray Sahelian, M.D., an expert in sexual herbs, and the author of Natural Sex Boosters, he mentions in the book high doses can lead to a feeling of restlessness, insomnia, and rapid heart beat. Another tribulus side effect he mentions in increased body temperature.

Dosage
To minimize any tribulus side effects, start with an extract of 400 mg, 40 percent saponins at one capsule every other day, and over the next few days take more or less depending on how you respond.

Tribulus Terrestris Research Studies

Athletic performance
Tribulus terrestris, by itself, does not appear to improve athletic performance, not does it seem to influence testosterone levels in humans to any great extent.

The effect of five weeks of Tribulus terrestris supplementation on muscle strength and body composition during preseason training in elite rugby league players.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 May;21(2):348-53. Rogerson S, Riches CJ, Jennings C, Weatherby RP, Meir RA, Marshall-Gradisnik SM. School of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Southern Cross University Lismore, New South Wales, Australia.
Although some manufacturers claim tribulus terrestris will not lead to a positive drug test, others have suggested that tribulus terrestris may increase the urinary testosterone / epitestosterone ratio, which may place athletes at risk of a positive drug test. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of tribulus terrestris on strength, fat free mass, and the urinary testosterone / epitestosterone ratio during 5 weeks of preseason training in elite rugby league players. Twenty-two Australian elite male rugby league players were match-paired and randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to either a tribulus terrestris or placebo group. All subjects performed structured heavy resistance training as part of the club's preseason preparations. A tribulus terrestris extract (450 mg each day)) or placebo capsule was consumed once daily for 5 weeks. Muscular strength, body composition, and the urinary testosterone / epitestosterone ratio were monitored prior to and after supplementation. After 5 weeks of training, strength and fat free mass increased significantly without any between-group differences. No between-group differences were noted in the urinary testosterone / epitestosterone ratio. It was concluded that this herb did not produce the large gains in strength or lean muscle mass that many manufacturers claim can be experienced within 5 to 28 days. Furthermore, tribulus terrestris did not alter the urinary testosterone / epitestosterone ratio and would not place an athlete at risk of testing positive based on the World Anti-Doping Agency's urinary testosterone / epitestosterone ratio limit of 4:1.

The effects of Tribulus terrestris on body composition and exercise performance in resistance-trained males.
Antonio J, Uelmen J, Rodriguez R, Earnest C. tribulus, tribulus side effects, tribulus terrestris extract, University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE 68849-3101, USA. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2000 Jun;10(2):208-15.tribulus side effects, tribulus terrestris extract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the herbal preparation Tribulus terrestris on body composition and exercise performance in resistance-trained males. Fifteen subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo or tribulus (3.2 mg per kg body weight daily) group. Body weight, body composition, maximal strength, dietary intake, and mood states were determined before and after an 8-week exercise (periodized resistance training) and supplementation period. There were no changes in body weight, percentage fat, total body water, dietary intake, or mood states in either group. Muscle endurance (determined by the maximal number of repetitions at 100-200% of body weight) increased for the bench and leg press exercises in the placebo group (p <.05; bench press +/-28%, leg press +/-28%), while the tribulus terrestris group experienced an increase in leg press strength only (bench press +/-3%, not significant; leg press +/-28%). Supplementation with tribulus does not enhance body composition or exercise performance in resistance-trained males.

Cancer
It appears from lab studies that tribulus terrestris may cause death to cancer cells. The clinical significance of this finding is not clear at this time.

Saponins from Tribulus terrestris L are less toxic for normal human fibroblasts than for many cancer lines: influence on apoptosis and proliferation.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2007 Jan;232(1):126-33. Medical University, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
The objective of the study was to explore the influence of saponins derived from Tribulus terrestris on normal human skin fibroblasts and to compare it with their anticancer properties... According to our results, Tribulus terrestris is less toxic for normal human skin fibroblasts in comparison to many cancer lines investigated in previous studies. The molecular mechanism of this cytotoxicity involves up- and downregulation of polyamines' homeostasis, suppression of proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. Further research in this field using animal models would help to explore and interpret the potential properties of Tribulus terrestris as an anticancer supplement.

Cholesterol and lipids
Influence of Tribulus terrestris extract on lipid profile and endothelial structure in developing atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta of rabbits on a high-cholesterol diet.
Acta Histochem. 2009 Mar 6.Altug Tuncer M, Yaymaci B, Sati L, Cayli S, Acar G, Altug T, Demir R. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Kosuyolu State Hospital Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey.
The aim of this study was to investigate the pleotropic effects of an extract of a traditional herb, Tribulus terrestris (TT), on the lipid profile and vascular endothelium of the abdominal aorta in New Zealand rabbits fed a cholesterol-rich diet. Our data indicate that dietary intake of TT can significantly lower serum lipid profiles, decrease endothelial cellular surface damage and rupture and may partially repair the endothelial dysfunction resulting from hyperlipidemia.

Diabetes
Tribulus terrestris extract consisting of saponins appear to decrease blood sugar increase after a meal.

Inhibitory effects of saponins from Tribulus terrestris on alpha-glucosidase in small intestines of rats
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2006 Jun;31(11):910-3. School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
To determine the effects of saponins from Tribulus terrestris on small intestinal a-glucosidase and postprandial blood glucose levels in rats. The inhibitory effects of saponins from Tribulus terrestris on a-glucosidase extracted from small intestines in rats were carried out in vitro. After treatment with saponins from Tribulus terrestris for 14 d, the activities of a-glucosidase were determined daily, as well as the postprandial blood glucose levels after orally administered sucrose. It was through inhibiting the activity of a-glucosidase in small intestines that saponins from Tribulus terrestris significantly retarded the increase in postprandial blood glucose levels in rats.

Liver protection
Recovery of phosphatase and transaminase activity of mercury intoxicated Mus musculus (Linn.) liver tissue by Tribulus terrestris (Linn.) (Zygophyllaceae) extract. Trop Biomed. 2006 Jun;23(1):45-51. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002.
The efficacy of the methanolic fraction of Tribulus terrestris fruit extract on mercury intoxicated mice has been studied. At a median-lethal dose of mercuric chloride administration an enhanced level of glutamate oxaloacete transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transminase and simultaneously decreased level of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities were noticed in the liver. Due to the mercury toxicity the liver cells are damaged to cause the alterations in their enzymes. During the recovery period, all the enzymological parameters are restored to reach near normal level. The result suggested that the oral administration of Tribulus terrestris fruit extract has provided protection against the mercuric chloride induced hepatic damage in the mice.

Sexual health
Sexual behavior and intracavernous pressure (ICP) were studied in both normal and castrated rats to further understand the role of tribulus containing protodioscin (PTN) as an aphrodisiac. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups of 8 each that included distilled water treated (normal and castrated), testosterone treated (normal and castrated, 10 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously, bi-weekly) and tribulus treated (castrated, 5 mg/kg body weight, orally once daily). Decreases in body weight, prostate weight and ICP were observed among the castrated groups of rats compared to the intact group. There was an overall reduction in the sexual behaviour parameters in the castrated groups of rats as reflected by decrease in mount and intromission frequencies (MF and IF) and increase in mount, intromission, ejaculation latencies (ML, IL, EL) as well as post-ejaculatory interval (PEI). Compared to the castrated control, treatment of castrated rats (with either testosterone or tribulus extract) showed increase in prostate weight and ICP that were statistically significant. There was also a mild to moderate improvement of the sexual behaviour parameters as evidenced by increase in MF and IF; decrease in ML, IL and PEI. These results were statistically significant. It is concluded that tribulus extract appears to possess aphrodisiac activity.

Testosterone effect
The aphrodisiac herb Tribulus terrestris does not influence the androgen production in young men.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Oct 3;101(1-3):319-23. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, 2 Zdrave str., Sofia-1431, Bulgaria.
The aim of the current study is to investigate the influence of Tribulus terrestris extract on androgen metabolism in young males. Twenty-one healthy young 20-36 years old men with body weight ranging from 60 to 125 kg were randomly separated into three groups-two experimental (each n=7) and a control (placebo) one (n=7). The experimental groups were named TT1 and TT2 and the subjects were assigned to consume 20 and 10 mg/kg body weight per day of Tribulus terrestris extract, respectively, separated into three daily intakes for 4 weeks. Testosterone, androstenedione and luteinizing hormone levels in the serum were measured 24 h before supplementation (clear probe), and at 24, 72, 240, 408 and 576 h from the beginning of the supplementation. There was no significant difference between Tribulus terrestris supplemented groups and controls in the serum testosterone, androstenedione; controls or luteinizing hormone. All results were within the normal range. The findings in the current study anticipate that Tribulus terrestris steroid saponins possess neither direct nor indirect androgen increasing properties.

Q. Does tribulus increase testosterone levels?
   A. We have come across many websites that report tribulus increases testosterone levels but we have not come any long term human research that has looked into testosterone levels over several months of tribulus supplement use.

Saponins in tribulus terrestris
A novel furostanol saponin from Tribulus terrestris of Bulgarian origin.
Conrad J, Dinchev D. Department of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.. Fitoterapia. 2004 Mar;75(2):117-22.
The phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Tribulus terrestris of Bulgarian origin has resulted in the isolation of the novel furostanol saponin 1, named tribol, together with the known spirostanol saponins 2 and 3 and sitosterol glucoside.

Additional compounds included furostanol glycosides, named tribufurosides I and J.

What's in Tribulus Terrestris?
The fruits of tribulus contain a number of different substances including saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, resins, tannins, sugars, sterols, and essential oil. Recently, two new saponins have been isolated from tribulus terrestris: Terrestrinins A and B, .
   A frequently mentioned substance in tribulus terrestris is protodioscin, which some claim is one of the active substances within this plant. When different samples of tribulus were analyzed, significant differences in the composition of saponins were observed depending on the origin and plant part used. One analysis of products showed considerable variations of 0.17 to 6.5 % in protodioscin content.

Distribution of steroidal saponins in Tribulus terrestris from different geographical regions.
Phytochemistry. 2007 Aug 22; Dinchev D, Janda B, Evstatieva L, Oleszek W, Aslani MR, Kostova I. Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
The steroidal saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) are considered to be the factor responsible for biological activity of products derived from this plant. The activity depends on the concentration and the composition of active saponins, which in turn is influenced by the geographical origin of plant material. Samples of Tribulus. terrestris collected in Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, Macedonia, Turkey, Georgia, Iran, Vietnam and India were analyzed for the presence and the concentration of protodioscin (1), prototribestin (2), pseudoprotodioscin (3), dioscin (4), tribestin (5) and tribulosin (6). The flavonoid rutin (7) was also included in the comparison. The results revealed distinct differences in the content of these compounds depending on region of sample collection, plant part studied and stage of plant development. The samples from Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece, Serbia, Macedonia, Georgia and Iran exhibited similar chemical profile and only some quantitative difference in the content of 1-7 with protodioscin and prototribestin as main components. The Vietnamese and Indian samples exhibit totally different chemical profile. They lack 2 and 5, while tribulosin is present in high amounts. Most probably, the Vietnamese and Indian samples belong to other chemotypes which are still to be studied and characterized.
   Comments: There may be differences in composition between certain regions, but the clinical significance of these differences in terms of sexual enhancement or erectile function has yet to be determined.

Tribulus Terrestris herbal supplement questions
Q. If tribulus terrestris is stopped after using for one month, is there any type of side effect?
   A. We are not aware of any side effects or problems if this supplement is stopped after one month of use.

Q. Is Bulgarian tribulus superior to tribulus from other countries?
   A. Tribulus terrestris is a plant that grows on several continents. Since human research is lacking regarding comparisons of tribulus terrestris herb from different countries, one cannot say that Bulgarian tribulus is better than tribulus herb grown in the United States or Germany. Much of the chemical composition of this herb depends on how the tribulus plant is grown, the soil conditions, temperature, the harvesting, processing, manufacturing, storing, etc.

Q. What is Tribulus Fuel? Do you have such a Fuel Tribulus review?
   A. Tribulus Fuel is the product name of a tribulus formulation. We don't have a review of this product.

Q. Can tribulus be combined with other herbs such as yohimbe, maca, or hormy goat weed?
   A. We can only speak from our personal and professional experience. Thus far we have combined tribulus with several herbs and have not found any significant side effects when used in low dosages.

Q. Does tribulus give more energy?
   A. Tribulus has some energy boosting abilities, as do ginseng, cordyceps, maca, and tongkat ali.

Q. Is tribulus appropriate for a woman?
   A. Yes, this herb can be used by a woman or man.

Q. Can tribulus be taken regularly for many months?
   A. As with most herbs, we recommend taking breaks from use. In the case of tribulus you could take it for 1 or 2 weeks on, 1 or 2 weeks off.

Q. Is it possible that chronic use, increasing over time due to tolerance, of OTC herbals such as tribulus terrestris can lead to secondary hypogonadism due, such as the HTPA axis being so imbalanced that it cannot easily be restarted?
   A. The hormonal influence of tongkat ali, tribulus terrestris, and many other herbs, when used on a chronic basis, is not fully known since human studies are few, but this, and other scenarios, are theoretically possible. We always recommend people take breaks from the use of herbs such as tribulus terrestris. In most people,

Q. How long after I start taking tribulus terrestris should I expect results?
   A. Everyone is different, but on average most people would notice the benefits from tribulus on the third or fourth day of use. It also depends on dosage. If your tribulus dosage is low, it may take a couple of days or more.

Q. How many different types of tribulus extracts are available?
   A. There are many extract potencies of tribulus terrestris, the most common being tribulus terrestris powder, tribulus 20% extract, and tribulus 40% extract. There are other tribulus extracts but they are not as common.

Q. Do you have a review of Twinlab Tribulus supplement? I just want to know the best tribulus product.
   A. We don't have a review of Twinlab Tribulus. We have no reason to believe it would not be a good product. There are many companies that make tribulus, and since the raw material is not very expensive, we suspect the vast majority of the tribulus supplements on the market to be of good quality. Therefore, we can't say what the best tribulus supplement is on the market today.

Q. Is the right spelling tribulus terestris? I have seen terestris used with one r.
   A. The correct spelling is terrestris.

Q. Does tribulus extract really work as a sexual enhancing herb?
   A. Yes, it does help with healthy erectile function, but it takes several days for the full benefits to be noticed.

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Tribulus terrestris pill questions
Q. In your opinion, which would have the superior effect on boosting testosterone levels in a deficient DHEA / testosterone male. Bulgarian tribulus 300 mg (50% protodioscin) or DHEA 25 MG. I understand that tribulus terrestris pill and DHEA supplements are a favorite among consumers for boosting testosterone levels.
   A. DHEA would increase tesstosterone levels more but there are serious side effects and dangers with DHEA use. Tribulus terrrestris may not have a significant effect long term on testosterone, but it is the safer supplement to use.

Q. I took a tribulus terrestis product one capsule and did not notice much. The next day I took four capsules and had side effects of rapid heart beat and higher body temperature, I felt hotter than normal. Does this mean it is not an effective sexual product for me?
   A. Not necessarily. Herbs take longer to work and it is preferable to take lower dosages over several days as opposed to a quick effect with several capsules.

Q. How long does it take to get a testosterone boost after taking a tribulus terestris supplement? And what dosage of the herb is it best to get a quick testosterone effect?
   A. There's still some research that needs to be done in humans before we determine in more detail how tribulus extract use influences hormone levels, and for how long, and whether the effects wear off after long term use.

Q. Tribulus terristris is an ingredient that I see in a sexual formula that I bought this week. The product also lists epimedium, maca, and several other herbs. Is tribulus terristris the most potent of these herbs?
   A. Much of the potency of an herb depends on how concentrated the extract is. All the herbs you mentioned are effective sexual enhancers.

Q. I have recently been taking tribulus terrestris pills and noticed quite an effect as it relates to sexual performance. Mainly harder erections and much greater stamina. I am not a drug user or even a fan of alcohol, but I must say a pill like this is very addicting. My question is, does taking tribulus terrestris extract or even Passion Rx for extended periods of time (4 weeks, or longer) have any long term effects? I have noticed when taking a week break that I begin to have a hard time keeping an erection, and it never truly reaches the potential as with the tribulus pills, and when it does become hard, endurance is out of the question, as I am finished within seconds. My concern is that I may be lowering my natural testosterone levels and could be affecting my sexual performance for the future. Its difficult when your significant other becomes used to one way, and without the pills you cannot perform. Is there a psychological issue perhaps?
   A. It is a good idea to take more frequent breaks from the use of tribulus terrestris supplements or other sexual herbs. One option is to experiment with different herbs so that your break from tribulus pills is longer. Other options include catuaba, muira puama, tongkat ali, avena sativa, horny goat weed, mucuna pruriens, and the two variations of Passion Rx.

Q. I've been taking a tribulus terestris formula for about 2 years but I recently ordered from another vitamin company and the powder inside the gelatin capsules is now brownish-red. I am used to the powder to be a light tan color.
   A. The color of herbs and herbal extracts varies depending on many factors but if you buy a tribulus terrestris extract standardized to contain 40 percent saponins, the active ingredients, then you should have similar results with different tribulus products. There are dozens of different substances in herbs and their levels can vary, including the colors, from batch to batch.

Prescription medications and their interactions with dietary supplements
Crestor is a pharmaceutical pill prescribed along with diet for lowering high cholesterol
Gleevec is a medication used to treat patients with leukemia
Infliximab is a prescription drug used to treat auto-immune disorders.
Levofloxacin is an antibiotic sold under the trade name Levaquin,
Loratadine is a long-acting antihistamine that is used for the treatment of allergy.
Losartan is a used as an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
Metoprolol is used to treat high blood pressure
Phenylpropanolamine found in over the counter cold medicines
Quetiapine fumarate is a pharmaceutical medication used to treat symptoms of schizophrenia.

See youtube tribulus video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyVT648P6XI
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